Few minutes later India’s longest and most controversial legal battle will come to an end with the final verdict to be heard by the Lucknow Bench of the Allahabad High Court. Here we try to understand what this case is all about. Here is a brief look on this historical issue. The 'Title Suit case' covers five suits which involves 28 issues framed by the special Lucknow bench of the Allahabad HC. The issues include:
1. Whether the demolished structure was a mosque as claimed by the plaint Muslim organizations.
2. If so, when was it built and by whom, Mughal emperor Babar or his Awadh governor Mir Baqi Tashqandi.
3. Was it built on the site of a demolished Hindu temple?
4. Whether Muslims prayed in the Babri mosque from time immemorial.
5. Whether they possessed the property openly and continuously from 1528 when it was allegedly built.
6. Whether they possessed it till 1949 when they were dispossessed.
7. Whether the suit was filed too late.
8. Whether the Hindus have earned the right to pray at the site through adverse and continuous possession.
9. Whether the plot is Ram's birthplace.
10. Whether Hindus have worshipped the site as Ram's birthplace from time immemorial.
11. Whether the idols and other objects of worship were placed in the structure on the night of December 22-23, 1949, or whether they had been there before.
12. Whether the Ram chabutra, the raised platform adjacent to the disputed structure, as well as the Bhandar and Sita Rasoi were demolished along with the main structure.
13. Whether the land adjoining the structure on its east, north and south housed an ancient graveyard and a mosque.
14. Whether the structure is 'landlocked' and cannot be reached except by passing through Hindus' places of worship around it.
15. Whether no mosque can come into existence on the plot in view of Islamic tenets (because idols have been placed there).
16. Whether the structure could not legally be a mosque since it did not have minarets.
17. Whether it could not be a mosque as it is hemmed in by a graveyard from three sides.
18. Whether, after the demolition, it can still be called a mosque.
19. Whether Muslims can use the open ground at the site as a mosque to offer prayers following the demolition of the structure.
20. Whether and what relief, if any, the plaintiffs (Muslim organisations) are entitled to.
Here is a brief look on these three judges who will announce the verdict are:
Sibghat Ullah Khan
Sibghat Ullah Khan was born on Jan 31, 1952. He was graduated from the Aligarh Muslim University in law in 1975. He also completed a graduation in science from the AMU in 1971 and enrolled as an advocate in the Uttar Pradesh Bar Council in 1975. He was lifted as additional judge on Oct 5, 2005 and later as a permanent Judge of the High Court on Dec 21, 2002. SU Khan was nominated on the special bench of Allahabad High Court on Dec 11, 2009, handling the Ayodhya title suits.
Sudhir Agarwal
Sudhir Agarwal was born on April 24, 1958. He was graduated in science from Agra University in 1977 and graduated in law from Meerut University. He enrolled as an advocate on Oct 5, 1980 and began his career. He was lifted as an additional judge on Oct 5, 2005 and later as an permanent judge on Aug 8, 2007. Sudhir Agarwal was nominated on the special bench of Allahabad High Court handling the Ayodhya title suits on Sept 18, 2008.
Dharam Veer Sharma
Dharam Veer Sharma was born on Oct 2, 1948. He was graduated in law in 1970 and appointed in the Provincial Civil Services (Judicial) in 1972. Later in 2002, he was lifted as district and sessions judge and then promoted to the post of additional judge in the high court on Oct 20, 2005. He became a permanent judge in Sep 17, 2009 and nominated to the three-member bench on Feb 12, 2007.
Thursday, September 30, 2010
Monday, June 7, 2010
Sex drive: Men vs Women
The one topic which thrills everyone, thinking about which let everybody live in romantic mood is sex. Although talking about sex is as common among young generation irrespective of gender, yet it is considered undercover subject in our society. What am I going to discuss here is not its pros and cons, but I want to focus on its psychological aspect.
Apparently speaking, people, male and female think differently. Nature wise both are different and physically as well. Their mental level can be different. But what I want to elaborate here is what and how men and women think differently about sex.
Men are generally considered bold, and expected to express their desire first than women. True, not every man has the same dare, and not every woman expect man to express his feelings first; exception is everywhere. Actually women’s sex drive is more influenced by cultural and social factors. So this could be one reason why women stay behind from men in this matter.
Women are generally blamed that they are well capable in hiding their emotion deep inside their heart, but are men capable enough in this matter? Normally it is believed that women’s brain is difficult to understand. What are they hiding and what are they trying to tell, no one can imagine. All men are not the same at the same time. Men’s mind is also difficult to understand every now and then. Even men do have dual thinking — internal and external feelings.
Sex expert Brijendain Luane has found that men, too, conceal their feelings. For instance, sex; its desire in men is very high, but they try to hide their sentiments. However, in its desire to fulfill their desire, they do not dare to cheat women. So, the question arises here why men do that? Do men really have stronger sex drives than woman? Well, yes, they do. Study after study illustrates that men's sex drives are not only stronger than women's, but much more straightforward. Whereas the sources of women's libidos, by contrast, are much more difficult to pin down.
Writing on different aspect of sex in her book, Luane says it is ‘testosterone’ hormone responsible for men’s such feeling. This is the hormone which compels men to linger on their eyes to women bodies’ curves. Testosterone, however, is linked to sex drive in women too. But this hormone works much faster in men than women. And this is the reason why men are more prone to sex. Suggesting women about men’s nature, she says treat men with cool head. She also says that not every man is like this, some are capable enough to control their feeling.
However, it can’t be denied that men are crazy about sex. Scientifically it is proved that desire for sex in men is two and half times more than women. It does not mean that women are not crazy about sex. It’s a common wisdom that women place more value on emotional connection as a spark of sexual desire. So here is the difference, and that is heart. Woman, in general, surrender herself in the arms of those whom she gives her heart; I repeat here exceptions are everywhere. Here, I would like to outline Edward O.Laumann, PhD, a professor of sociology, University of Chicago and lead author of a major survey of sexual practices, “Sexual desire in women is extremely sensitive to environment and context.”
Laumann reports that the most of the adult men under 60 think about sex at least once a day, while only about one-quarter of women report this level of frequency. Men fantasize more than women; and as men and women age, each fantasize less, but men still fantasize about twice as often. Study further found that men reported more spontaneous sexual arousal and had more frequent and varied fantasies. And it is also a fact that men want sex more often than women even at the start of a relationship. Strange but true, men are keen to have more sex partners in their lifetime.
After interviewing people a lot and reading a great deal on the topic, I came to the conclusion that men are very specific about whom they become aroused by, who they want to have sex with, and who they fall in love with. In contrast, women irrespective of physical appearance of men fall in love with the person who are nice to her, care her and love her most. In nutshell, women's desire is more contextual, more subjective, more layered on a lattice of emotion; I repeat exceptions are everywhere in male as well as female.
Apparently speaking, people, male and female think differently. Nature wise both are different and physically as well. Their mental level can be different. But what I want to elaborate here is what and how men and women think differently about sex.
Men are generally considered bold, and expected to express their desire first than women. True, not every man has the same dare, and not every woman expect man to express his feelings first; exception is everywhere. Actually women’s sex drive is more influenced by cultural and social factors. So this could be one reason why women stay behind from men in this matter.
Women are generally blamed that they are well capable in hiding their emotion deep inside their heart, but are men capable enough in this matter? Normally it is believed that women’s brain is difficult to understand. What are they hiding and what are they trying to tell, no one can imagine. All men are not the same at the same time. Men’s mind is also difficult to understand every now and then. Even men do have dual thinking — internal and external feelings.
Sex expert Brijendain Luane has found that men, too, conceal their feelings. For instance, sex; its desire in men is very high, but they try to hide their sentiments. However, in its desire to fulfill their desire, they do not dare to cheat women. So, the question arises here why men do that? Do men really have stronger sex drives than woman? Well, yes, they do. Study after study illustrates that men's sex drives are not only stronger than women's, but much more straightforward. Whereas the sources of women's libidos, by contrast, are much more difficult to pin down.
Writing on different aspect of sex in her book, Luane says it is ‘testosterone’ hormone responsible for men’s such feeling. This is the hormone which compels men to linger on their eyes to women bodies’ curves. Testosterone, however, is linked to sex drive in women too. But this hormone works much faster in men than women. And this is the reason why men are more prone to sex. Suggesting women about men’s nature, she says treat men with cool head. She also says that not every man is like this, some are capable enough to control their feeling.
However, it can’t be denied that men are crazy about sex. Scientifically it is proved that desire for sex in men is two and half times more than women. It does not mean that women are not crazy about sex. It’s a common wisdom that women place more value on emotional connection as a spark of sexual desire. So here is the difference, and that is heart. Woman, in general, surrender herself in the arms of those whom she gives her heart; I repeat here exceptions are everywhere. Here, I would like to outline Edward O.Laumann, PhD, a professor of sociology, University of Chicago and lead author of a major survey of sexual practices, “Sexual desire in women is extremely sensitive to environment and context.”
Laumann reports that the most of the adult men under 60 think about sex at least once a day, while only about one-quarter of women report this level of frequency. Men fantasize more than women; and as men and women age, each fantasize less, but men still fantasize about twice as often. Study further found that men reported more spontaneous sexual arousal and had more frequent and varied fantasies. And it is also a fact that men want sex more often than women even at the start of a relationship. Strange but true, men are keen to have more sex partners in their lifetime.
After interviewing people a lot and reading a great deal on the topic, I came to the conclusion that men are very specific about whom they become aroused by, who they want to have sex with, and who they fall in love with. In contrast, women irrespective of physical appearance of men fall in love with the person who are nice to her, care her and love her most. In nutshell, women's desire is more contextual, more subjective, more layered on a lattice of emotion; I repeat exceptions are everywhere in male as well as female.
Saturday, May 22, 2010
Celebrity and controversy
Celebrity and controversy has deep relations. It would not be said erroneous if we say that both are two sides of the same coin. Instead of creating a curse for a person controversy helps increase his/her professional life. In new incident, newly declared winner of Miss USA Rima Fakih seems to have landed in hot water.
The 24-year-old beauty from Michigan who is considered to be the first Muslim woman ever to win the Miss USA pageant competition, just a day after winning the competition found herself amidst controversy.
Not yet clear what step will be taken against her if accusation made against her is found right, but one thing is clear her victory could be tarnished with pictures of her pole dancing at a strip club, if she is found guilty.
Actually, this hot, slim and sexy Lebanese-born babe featured in a video emerging on Internet sliding up and down a stripper’s pole in a blue tank top, hot pants and high heels.
So the big question still unanswered is whether the organizers of Miss USA were aware of Miss Fakih winning the ‘STRIPPER 101’ contest at the Coliseum Gentleman’s Club. She is believed to have won a variety of prizes, including adult toys and a stripper’s pole.
And, another big question which is hanging like a naked sword over the head of Rima Fakih is that whether the USA new poster girl will be able to represent the country in the international beauty contest later this year. Well all these questions should be left on the future.
As about the additional information about Rima Fakih is concerned, she emigrated to the US with her family from Lebanon. She is a graduate with degrees in economics and business, looking to attend law school. She represented Michigan in the Miss USA pageant at the Planet Hollywood hotel and casino in Las Vegas.
As against the Islamist culture and thought which restricts women from flaunting their bodies in public, Fakih said she was encouraged to participate in beauty competitions by her parents. And so she did not get any hesitation in flaunting her sexy body in the evening gown and even in swimsuit.
Again coming to the point, celebrity and controversy, celebrities have been caught in controversies since time immemorial. And, the Miss USA pageant has been dogged by controversy in recent years. Last year’s winner Carrie Prejean was stripped off her title after it surfaced that she had made a sex tape. She also created controversy by expressing her opinion during the pageant, claiming that marriage should be between “a man and a woman”.
In 2006, the 20-year-old Tara Conner admitted to taking drugs and underage drinking, however, she was allowed to keep her title. In 1983, singer and actress Vanessa Williams was crowned the first African-American Miss USA, but was stripped off her title when her nude photographs were published in Penthouse.
There are many more examples of celebrities when after winning any reputable crown a dark reality about her life has been surfaced. Does celebrity lead controversy or controversy follow celebrity? Whatever be the truth, one thing is clear that controversy adds to the popularity of person, and finally helps reshaping in his/her career. Going by this judgment, it can be said that controversy acts as a boon rather than curse for the person.
The 24-year-old beauty from Michigan who is considered to be the first Muslim woman ever to win the Miss USA pageant competition, just a day after winning the competition found herself amidst controversy.
Not yet clear what step will be taken against her if accusation made against her is found right, but one thing is clear her victory could be tarnished with pictures of her pole dancing at a strip club, if she is found guilty.
Actually, this hot, slim and sexy Lebanese-born babe featured in a video emerging on Internet sliding up and down a stripper’s pole in a blue tank top, hot pants and high heels.
So the big question still unanswered is whether the organizers of Miss USA were aware of Miss Fakih winning the ‘STRIPPER 101’ contest at the Coliseum Gentleman’s Club. She is believed to have won a variety of prizes, including adult toys and a stripper’s pole.
And, another big question which is hanging like a naked sword over the head of Rima Fakih is that whether the USA new poster girl will be able to represent the country in the international beauty contest later this year. Well all these questions should be left on the future.
As about the additional information about Rima Fakih is concerned, she emigrated to the US with her family from Lebanon. She is a graduate with degrees in economics and business, looking to attend law school. She represented Michigan in the Miss USA pageant at the Planet Hollywood hotel and casino in Las Vegas.
As against the Islamist culture and thought which restricts women from flaunting their bodies in public, Fakih said she was encouraged to participate in beauty competitions by her parents. And so she did not get any hesitation in flaunting her sexy body in the evening gown and even in swimsuit.
Again coming to the point, celebrity and controversy, celebrities have been caught in controversies since time immemorial. And, the Miss USA pageant has been dogged by controversy in recent years. Last year’s winner Carrie Prejean was stripped off her title after it surfaced that she had made a sex tape. She also created controversy by expressing her opinion during the pageant, claiming that marriage should be between “a man and a woman”.
In 2006, the 20-year-old Tara Conner admitted to taking drugs and underage drinking, however, she was allowed to keep her title. In 1983, singer and actress Vanessa Williams was crowned the first African-American Miss USA, but was stripped off her title when her nude photographs were published in Penthouse.
There are many more examples of celebrities when after winning any reputable crown a dark reality about her life has been surfaced. Does celebrity lead controversy or controversy follow celebrity? Whatever be the truth, one thing is clear that controversy adds to the popularity of person, and finally helps reshaping in his/her career. Going by this judgment, it can be said that controversy acts as a boon rather than curse for the person.
Thursday, May 13, 2010
SEX on REALITY SHOWS
We all are aware of the reality shows and know how popular these shows these days. But the first of its kind of reality show in the world history where the virginity will be sold. Inspired of the idea, Melbourne film maker has planned to make films on this reality show.
The producer of this reality show Jistes Ssisle has been selecting Virgin boys and girls for this show since last year. The shoot will take place in the United States because a case of prostitution could be registered in Australia. Auditions for the show will take place soon under the banner of "Virgin Wanted".
In this show, auction for the virgin boys and girls’ virginity will be held in the brothel of Las Vegas. Each virgin participant in the show will be provided 20 thousand dollars. But 10 percent share of this amount will be given to cathouse. The bid for the show will be made online before the final auction.
Parents of the guys, who are selected for the show, are very angry over the format of the show and so many participants have withdrawn their names. But there are some guys who are eager to participate in the show just for the money irrespective of their parents’ desire.
The 21-year-old Merry Justin of Sydney opined that she was doing all this for money. She also said that she wanted to use this platform to change the perception of people towards sex. As compared to girls, boys are very excited to participate in the first kind of its reality show. When asked some of these participants said: “wow, this show is fantastic. We are very eager to take part in the show.”
The producer of this reality show Jistes Ssisle has been selecting Virgin boys and girls for this show since last year. The shoot will take place in the United States because a case of prostitution could be registered in Australia. Auditions for the show will take place soon under the banner of "Virgin Wanted".
In this show, auction for the virgin boys and girls’ virginity will be held in the brothel of Las Vegas. Each virgin participant in the show will be provided 20 thousand dollars. But 10 percent share of this amount will be given to cathouse. The bid for the show will be made online before the final auction.
Parents of the guys, who are selected for the show, are very angry over the format of the show and so many participants have withdrawn their names. But there are some guys who are eager to participate in the show just for the money irrespective of their parents’ desire.
The 21-year-old Merry Justin of Sydney opined that she was doing all this for money. She also said that she wanted to use this platform to change the perception of people towards sex. As compared to girls, boys are very excited to participate in the first kind of its reality show. When asked some of these participants said: “wow, this show is fantastic. We are very eager to take part in the show.”
Monday, May 10, 2010
Fight DEPRESSION with MAGNET
We all are aware of the use and advantage of magnets in our life, especially in our modern lifestyle from electric, electronic devices to magnetic therapies. But, do you know magnets may treat depression in people who have not responded earlier to drugs. This finding has been disclosed by a research group from Medical University of South Carolina, United States.
For the purpose of study, a group of people were selected and magnets attached to their heads to activate certain parts of the brain. In comparison to people who were treated with a similar device without a magnet, these people reported more relief from depressive disorder.
Out of 190 selected people, just half were randomly assigned to receive the trascranial magnetic stimulation therapy. These people had to wear a helmet like device that applied a magnetic current to the front section of their brain for around 37 minutes a day for three consecutive weeks.
Other participants wore the same helmet for the same duration, but without a magnetic field.
After the study got over, the findings revealed 14 percent of those who received the real magnetic treatment reported relief from depressive symptoms, while only five percent reported relief who had the simple treatment.
For the purpose of study, a group of people were selected and magnets attached to their heads to activate certain parts of the brain. In comparison to people who were treated with a similar device without a magnet, these people reported more relief from depressive disorder.
Out of 190 selected people, just half were randomly assigned to receive the trascranial magnetic stimulation therapy. These people had to wear a helmet like device that applied a magnetic current to the front section of their brain for around 37 minutes a day for three consecutive weeks.
Other participants wore the same helmet for the same duration, but without a magnetic field.
After the study got over, the findings revealed 14 percent of those who received the real magnetic treatment reported relief from depressive symptoms, while only five percent reported relief who had the simple treatment.
Wednesday, May 5, 2010
Pills can kill your Sexual Desire !
Healthy sexual relationship is the first and foremost part of any good marital relationship. Sexual problems or lack of sexual desire can disrupt husband-wife relationship and thus life. So, Women, if you want to keep alive your sexual stamina, stay away from contraceptive pills.
A research published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine critically warns women about such pills. It says that women taking the pill are at risk of losing their sex drive because oral contraceptives drastically reduce the ability to feel desire and arousal.
Study further states that there is a clear link between using hormonal contraceptive pills and Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD); FSD is a condition time and again caused by a lack of desire.
Interestingly, researchers on the other hand made a surprising discovery – instead of having unprotected sex, using condoms and other contraceptive barriers could do wonder for women as it enhances woman’s arousal for sex. The simple reason behind it is the lack of fear of pregnancy which boosts the potential for enjoyment.
"Sexual problems can have a negative impact on both quality of life and emotional well-being, regardless of age," said researcher Dr. Lisa-Maria Wallwiener of the University of Heidelberg, Germany, "FSD is a very common disorder, with an estimated prevalence of about two in five women having at least one sexual dysfunction, and the most common complaint appearing to be low desire."
Although lacking of sexual desire is very common in our society especially in working women who are aware that sexual dysfunction is often influenced by various factors such as stress and relationships. But this study has discovered it in new perspective that lacking of sexual desire might also be influenced by exogenous hormone application.
For the purpose of research, 1,046 participant women were selected to analyze the effect of contraception on sexual function of which 87.4 percent had used contraceptives in the last 6 months, and 97.3 percent had been sexually active within the last four weeks.
After the study, the researchers concluded that 32.4 percent were considered at risk for FSD, 5.8 percent at high risk for hypoactive sexual desire disorder, 1 percent for arousal disorder, 1.2 percent for decreased lubrication, 8.7 percent for orgasm disorder, 2.6 percent for satisfaction problems, and 1.1 percent for pain.
If this study is to be believed, women should think twice before using contraceptive pills; at the same time using contraceptive barriers not only lower women’s pregnancy risk, but also enhances arousal for sex.
A research published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine critically warns women about such pills. It says that women taking the pill are at risk of losing their sex drive because oral contraceptives drastically reduce the ability to feel desire and arousal.
Study further states that there is a clear link between using hormonal contraceptive pills and Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD); FSD is a condition time and again caused by a lack of desire.
Interestingly, researchers on the other hand made a surprising discovery – instead of having unprotected sex, using condoms and other contraceptive barriers could do wonder for women as it enhances woman’s arousal for sex. The simple reason behind it is the lack of fear of pregnancy which boosts the potential for enjoyment.
"Sexual problems can have a negative impact on both quality of life and emotional well-being, regardless of age," said researcher Dr. Lisa-Maria Wallwiener of the University of Heidelberg, Germany, "FSD is a very common disorder, with an estimated prevalence of about two in five women having at least one sexual dysfunction, and the most common complaint appearing to be low desire."
Although lacking of sexual desire is very common in our society especially in working women who are aware that sexual dysfunction is often influenced by various factors such as stress and relationships. But this study has discovered it in new perspective that lacking of sexual desire might also be influenced by exogenous hormone application.
For the purpose of research, 1,046 participant women were selected to analyze the effect of contraception on sexual function of which 87.4 percent had used contraceptives in the last 6 months, and 97.3 percent had been sexually active within the last four weeks.
After the study, the researchers concluded that 32.4 percent were considered at risk for FSD, 5.8 percent at high risk for hypoactive sexual desire disorder, 1 percent for arousal disorder, 1.2 percent for decreased lubrication, 8.7 percent for orgasm disorder, 2.6 percent for satisfaction problems, and 1.1 percent for pain.
If this study is to be believed, women should think twice before using contraceptive pills; at the same time using contraceptive barriers not only lower women’s pregnancy risk, but also enhances arousal for sex.
Saturday, January 23, 2010
Saakshar Bharat Programme
Saakshar Bharat Programme is a mission and determination of the Government of India to make all non-literate women literate before the end of the Eleventh Plan (2011-12). The President Pratibha Devisingh Patil herself emphasized female literacy and in her address to the Joint Session of Parliament underlined the need to bridge the yawning gender gap in literacy. Keeping the Government's declaration and firm intention in mind, the National Literacy Mission Authority of the Ministry of Human Resource Development has conceptualized Saakshar Bharat Programme.
Saakshar Bharat Programme
Saakshar Bharat, a centrally sponsored scheme of Department of School Education and Literacy (DSEL), was launched by the Prime Minister on the International Literacy Day, September 8, 2009.
Saakshar Bharat Programme (SBP) aims to further promote and strengthen Adult education. It aims at covering those who missed the opportunity of formal education earlier, and now feel a need for learning of any type, including basic literacy, basic education (equivalency to formal education), vocational education (skill development), physical and emotional development, practical arts, applied science, sports and recreation.
Within next three years, the Saakshar Bharat Programme will cover 70 million non-literate adults (60 million of them, women) in 15 plus age group in 365 low female literacy districts. This would redress the gender, social and regional disparities in literacy.
The Programme's main focus group would be women and adolescents from socio-economically disadvantaged sections like the SCs, STs, Minorities and other disadvantaged sections in rural areas of low female districts.
In SBP, all its programmes including Basic Literacy, Basic Education (linked to Equivalency with formal education system), Skill Development and Continuing Education will be taken up in continuum, without break. With respect to Basic Literacy, a flexible approach would be followed, including Volunteer-based literacy center, appointment of Resident Instructors where educated Volunteers are hard to find locally, Residential Camps, part-residential and part-volunteer-based approaches.
Lok Shiksha Kendra
In each Gram Panchayat a Lok Shiksha Kendra (Adult Education Centre) would be established to take up various types of continuing education programmes. Each Adult Education Centre would be manned by two Preraks (at least one of them, woman).
The gender perspective would permeate all different core aspects of the programme including the approach, strategies, planning, management structures, TLMs, T-L processes and monitoring and evaluation. This could reinforce women empowerment.
The overall aim of the programme is to promote and strengthen adult education in the lifelong learning perspective and create a literate society. To this end, it seeks to establish adult and continuing education as a permanent and institutionalized set up parallel to formal education system. This would strengthen the right perspective for adult education.
The Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) would be the main implementing agency at the district, block and gram panchayat levels, with the State Literacy Mission Authority(SLMA) and the communities at the village level as valued stakeholders.
Especially at the Gram Panchayat level, the programme is envisioned as a programme of, for and by the people, under the auspices of the village panchayat. All stakeholders, especially at the grassroots level would have a due say and role in the planning and implementation of the programme. The role of National Literacy Mission Authority and State Literacy Mission Authority will be that of catalytic agencies, facilitators and resources providers.
The programme has conceptualized the Adult Education Programme in the right perspective of lifelong education, and seeks to build it as a permanent and institutionalized system, alongside and parallel to the formal education system.
This has devised a regular and uninterrupted fund flow system directly to the Panchayats through banks, cutting out the delays.
ILD Celebrations
In the International Literacy Day celebrations, for the first time, the SLMA Directors, SRC and JSS, besides their Chairpersons, Volunteer Teachers and neo-literates participated in large numbers, and heartily welcomed the launch of Saakshar Bharat.
To infuse new energy among neo-literates and literacy activists, NLM organized a special interactive programme with the President. About 100 women from States and Union Territories participated, dressed in their traditional costumes.
For the first time in India, the celebration of the International Literacy Day was combined by a week-long celebration of Adult Learners Week (ALW) in all states and districts.
In connection with the finalisation of the strategies and approach to implementation of Saakshar Bharat Programme, consultative meetings were held with representatives of State Governments, NGOs, literacy practioners, administrators, SRCs, universities, etc. More than 20 Task Forces under SRCs, & NLMA Members elaborated strategies and implementation modalities on various core aspects of Saakshar Bharat programme.
The Programme was launched on October 1, 2009. In view of the changes envisaged the strategy and approach of the programme, with special focus on women, designing a state of the art teaching-learning materials became imperative. Accordingly, based on national consultations involving experts, state-specific primers were prepared by each SRC, and kept in readiness for printing and distribution in time for the programme.
Capacity Building of Key Resource personnel is the first step for launching the cascade training strategy for a programme like Saakshar Bharat, which deploys a massive number of Volunteer Literacy Educators – something of the order of seven million for a target of 70 million non-literates. All the SRCs have undertaken one or two rounds of capacity building of the key resource personnel and in some cases, even the orientation of the PRI members.
In the adult education system envisaged in lifelong learning perspective, Equivalency Programme is one of the salient facets, whereby equivalency with formal education system in respect of III, V, VIII levels and even beyond is planned. Democratisation of education system and increase in the educational level, through the aegis of adult education system is on anvil, which would significantly raise the educational level of Gram Panchayat. For the first time, authentication and certification of prior knowledge of adults is planned.
Jan Shikshar Sansthans
The Jan Shikshar Sansthans (JSSs) are a unique creation of the Government with the challenging mandate of providing vocational skills to non-literates, neo-literates and rudimentary level education. The priority groups of Jan Shikshar Sansthans are women, SCs, STs, Minorities and also other socio-economically backward sections of the society. For the first time, a proforma was developed that could, at glance, reveal details of courses, beneficiaries, duration, programme expenditure, etc. This made possible the review of the progress in Annual Action Plan.
In adult education, motivation and mobilization of the non-literates as well as volunteers are critical for their participation. The changed context of rural areas, with the penetration of IT, ICT, including radio, TV, mobiles, would call for changes in strategy of motivation and mobilization. Thus, the Strategy Communication Group for implementation zeroed in intensive use of Radio and outdoor print message medium for launching environment building for Saakshar Bharat programme. For the next phase, a combination of the traditional environment building based on kalajathas as the dominant mode with the modern technology-based communication strategy could be used.
Based on the broad National curricular Framework for Adult Education, Primers for Saakshar Bharat programme have been prepared by the SRCs in respect of various languages. These have been scrutinized at national level review meetings by the Quality Assurance Committee. After receiving the Quality Assurance Certificate, these primers could carry NLM logo and would be eligible for printing and distribution.
The National Institute of Rural Development, Hyderabad, has been commissioned by NLMA to conceptualize and articulate the strategy for the Orientation of the PRI members and its administrative functionaries at panchayat, block and district levels. NIRD, in collaboration with SIRDs and their district counterparts, have worked out the strategy for PRIs orientation, to be completed by March 2010.
The NLMA has taken up, in a series of four-five states, the orientation of the SLMAs, to launch Saakshar Bharat programmes in their respective states. In such orientations, the SLMA members, State Education Secretaries and Directors of Adult Education would receive orientation on different core aspects of Saakshar Bharat programmes.
Friday, January 15, 2010
TCS upbeat on Q3, to hire more employees
Upbeat over the company’s performance in the successive third quarter ended December 2009, the IT giant Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is looking forward at hiring 8,500 trainees and around 3,000 laterals in fourth quarter of the financial year 2010."We have already employed 8,703 trainees in Q3 and expect to add 8,500 more trainees in Q4 FY 10. We have had significant employee additions in Q3 and given the growth we may continue to hire in Q4 as well," TCS' Vice-President and Head, Global Human Resources, Ajoy Mukherjee, told reporters.
Setting aside the effect of global recession, the country’s largest information technology (IT) services exporter has reported a 34 percent growth in its net profit at Rs.1,824 crore for the third quarter ended December 31, 2009, against Rs.1,362 crore in the year-ago period.
The company’s revenue grew up by 5.1% from Rs7,277 crore in the third quarter of December 2008, to Rs7,649 crore in the December quarter of the current fiscal. Encouraged by the company’s performance TCS announced a quarterly dividend of Rs.2 per share.
The company benefited from a sequential growth in the banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) which helped together in growing TCS’ revenue from Rs.7,435 crore in the September quarter to Rs.7,649 crore in the December quarter, while the same period witnessed growth in profit from Rs.1,642 crore to Rs.1,824 crore.
The BFSI vertical contributed around 45% of TCS’ revenues. BFSI revenues were Rs. 3,441 crore (Rs. 3,086 crore), manufacturing Rs. 592.48 crore (Rs. 721 crore), retail and distribution Rs. 801 crore (Rs. 716.3 crore), telecom Rs. 1,113.23 crore (Rs. 1,12.7 crore) and others Rs. 1,701 crore (Rs. 1,591.2 crore). TCS gets around 53% of its revenue from clients in the US.
“TCS yet again posted high growth and delivered on margin improvements for the third successive quarter in this difficult year. Our investments ahead of time in emerging markets, multiple industries and client relationships, is reflected in our exemplary performance,” N. Chandrasekaran, CEO and Managing Director, toldMedia.
India’s second largest IT exporter Infosys Technologies Ltd reported on Tuesday a sequential growth of 6.8% in dollar revenues with the support from BFSI in the US.
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